1.4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is an electronic device that accepts user input (data), and processes it under special instructions (programs), to produce the desired meaningful output (information). Alternatively, a computer can be defined as a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN COMPUTERS

There are seven common characteristics associated with modern computers, these

include;

Speed Computers operate at extremely high speeds. Their speed is measured in millions of instructions per second (MIPS).

 Automatic (Spontaneous) the computers are automatic. They do not need any supervision in order to do tasks when instructed.

 Accuracy Computers are very accurate. The errors in made computing are due to the users but not technological weakness. If a user enters the wrong data, the computer gives the wrong Information. This trend is described as GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out)

 Versatility: Modern Computers can perform different kinds of tasks at the same time. For example, you can play music while typing a document at the same time. This is also known as multitasking.

Diligence (Endurance) Computers have the ability to perform the same task for a long time without getting tired. This is because a computer is a machine, and so does not have human behaviors of tiredness and lack of concentration. For example, Computers are used for controlling satellites.

 Artificial intelligence: Computers are artificially intelligent i.e. They can be programmed to assume capabilities such as learning, reasoning, adaptation, and self-correction. For example, computers can respond as if they were thinking by playing chess and recognizing handwriting and speech. However, the computers themselves cannot think. Artificial intelligence is only supported by the power of the programs installed in them.

Storage: For a computer to be able to work, it must have some form of the workspace where data is stored before being processed. All information is stored on a hard disk or in the Random Access Memory (RAM).

Communication: Most computers today have the capability of communicating with other computers. We can connect two or more computers by a communication device such as a modem. These computers can share data, instructions, and information. When two or more computers are connected, they form a network.

Adaptability: Modern Computers can be adapted to comply with different settings and environments. For example, they can be used as personal computers, for home use, banking, communication, entertainment, weather forecasting, space explorations, teaching, railways, medicine, etc.

Need User input: Computers cannot initiate themselves and make decisions. They need instructions from users to enhance the process. After all, a computer is only a machine.

Reduction of cost: Computers are a short-term investment in order to achieve long-term gain. Though the investment is high, they reduce the cost in the long run. They reduce manpower and lead to a neat and efficient way of solving various tasks.